/* -- --------- -- */
/* -- Container -- */
/* -- --------- -- */ 

.container {
  height: auto;
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1180px;
  z-index: 1;
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) { .container { margin: 0 20px; } }

/* -- ----------------- -- */
/* -- COLLAPSE FUNCTION -- */
/* -- ----------------- -- */ 

body .container .collapse {
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

.ie8 .container .collapse { height: auto; }

body .container .collapsing { 
  overflow: hidden; 
  -webkit-transition: height 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: height 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: height 0.35s ease;
          transition: height 0.35s ease;
}

body .collapse.in { height: auto; }

/* -- ------- -- */
/* -- Lay Out -- */
/* -- ------- -- */

.product-container {
  padding: 0;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  position: relative;
  /*overflow: hidden;*/
  width: calc(100% - 40px);
}

.product-container article {
  font-size: 14px;
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 10px;
  margin: 0 230px 0 152px;
}

.product-container aside {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

aside.left { 
  float: left;
  margin-right: 10px;
  width: 152px;
}

aside.right {
  float: right;
  margin-left: 10px;
  width: 230px;
}

@media (max-width:769px) {

  .product-container article { 
    clear: both;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    width: 100%; 
  } 

}

@media (max-width:480px) {

  .product-container { 
    display: table;
    padding-bottom: 40px; 
  }

  .product-container article { margin: 0 0 20px 0; } 

  .product-container aside { display: inline-block; }

  .product-container aside.right { 
    float: initial;
    display: table-footer-group;
  }

  .product-container aside.right section { max-width: 230px; }

}

/* --- -------------- --- */
/* --- [ LEFT ASIDE ] --- */
/* --- -------------- --- */


/* -- [ LOOK INSIDE ] -- */

#coverImage {
  float: left;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
}

#coverImage img { 
  border: 1px solid #CCC;
  display: block;
  width: 150px;
  z-index: -99;
}

#lookInsideContent {
  background-color: #fff;
  color: #0071a2;
  font-size: 11px;
  height: calc(100% - 80px);
  left: 1px;
  padding: 10px 0 0 10px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 1px;
  width: 140px;
  z-index: 1; 
}

#lookInsideContent:after {
  content:"";
  background: url('//cdn.cengage.com/images/apps/search/look-inside-background.png') no-repeat bottom right;
  height: 41px;
  width: 100%;
  bottom: -39px;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0px;
}

.exit-icon-blue {
  background: url('//cdn.cengage.com/images/apps/search/exit-icon-blue.png') no-repeat 0 0;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 5px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

ul#lookInsideContent li:first-child { 
  padding: 0 10px 6px 0;
  text-align:right; 
}

ul#lookInsideContent li {
  line-height: 11px;
  padding-bottom: 9px;
}

#lookInsideContent small {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 8px;
}

#lookInsideContent .double-arrow-right {
  font-size: 17px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
}

.look-inside {
  background: #fff url("//cdn.cengage.com/images/apps/search/look-inside-icon.png") 28px 2px no-repeat;
  border: 1px solid #D8D8D8;
  border-top: 0;
  display: block;
  height: 28px;
  line-height: 28px;
  padding: 0 0 0 30px;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
  width: 120px;
}

#coverImage.closed .look-inside:after {
  background: url("//cdn.cengage.com/images/apps/search/look-inside-cover.png") no-repeat;
  bottom: 29px;
  content: " ";
  padding: 20px;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
}

.gvrl-ebook #coverImage.closed .look-inside:after { background: url("//cdn.cengage.com/images/apps/search/look-inside-ebook.png") no-repeat; }

/* -- [ SHARE ] -- */

.share {
  font-size: 12px;
  float: left;
  padding: 5px 0 3px;
  width: 100%;
}

.share :first-of-type { float:left; }

.share li { 
  display: inline-block;
  float: left; 
}

.share a { text-decoration: none; }

.share img { margin-top: 1px; }

.share li:first-of-type span { margin-left: 0 }

.share li:last-of-type a { margin: -3px 0 0 -1px }

@media (max-width:445px) { 
  .share { 
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    position: absolute;
  }
}

/* -- [ LINKS ] -- */

aside.left ul.links { font-size: 13.5px; }


/* --- ---------------- --- */
/* --- [ MAIN ARTICLE ] --- */
/* --- ---------------- --- */

.product-container article { }

article h1 { 
  color: #AF5700; 
  padding-bottom: 5px;
}

article h1 + h2 { 
  color: #333; 
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0 0 4px 0;
}

article .book-specs { 
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative; 
}

article .book-specs h1 { line-height: 22px; }

article .book-specs h1 img { height: 17px; }

span.title-descriptor, 
span.series {
  color: #CE3C23;
  display: inline-block; 
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
}

.book-specs > span.title-descriptor { 
  display: block;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.book-specs > span.title-descriptor + br { display: none; }

span.series { color: #000; }

.price { font-style: italic; }

.priceHidden { display:none; }

.book-specs ul.bullet-list { padding: 8px 0 0 0; }

.book-specs ul.bullet-list li { margin-left: 40px; }

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  .book-specs ul.bullet-list li { margin-left: 20px; }
}

.series-specs ul { margin: 10px 0 0 17px; }

.series-specs ul li {
  display: list-item;
  list-style-type: disc; 
}

.series-specs p { padding-top: 10px; }

/* --- [ Popover ] --- */

.popover {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0 !important;
  z-index: 1010;
  max-width: 487px;
  padding: 1px;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: normal;
  border: 1px solid #85c33d;
  background-color: #FFF;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  -moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  -webkit-background-clip: padding-box;
  -moz-background-clip: padding;
  background-clip: padding-box;
}

.gale .popover,.thorndike .popover { border: 1px solid #0071a2; }

.popover-content { padding: 7px 12px 20px 12px; }

.popover h1 {
  color: #333;
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 8px 0 8px 0;
}

.popover button.close {
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  float: right;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  opacity: 0.4;
  filter: alpha(opacity=40);  
  padding: 0;  
  -webkit-appearance: none;  
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  line-height: 8px;
}

.popover button.close:hover {
  filter: alpha(opacity=80);
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.popover button.close span { 
  font-size: 10px;
  vertical-align: 2px;
}

.publisher-popover { 
  color: #0071A2;
  line-height: 20px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.publisher-popover,
.publisher-popover:active,
.publisher-popover[disabled],
fieldset[disabled] .publisher-popover {
  background-color: transparent;
  -webkit-box-shadow: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.publisher-popover,
.publisher-popover:hover,
.publisher-popover:focus,
.publisher-popover:active {
  border-color: transparent;
}

.publisher-popover:hover,
.publisher-popover:focus {
  text-decoration: underline;
  background-color: transparent;
}

.publisher-popover[disabled]:hover,
fieldset[disabled] .publisher-popover:hover,
.publisher-popover[disabled]:focus,
fieldset[disabled] .publisher-popover:focus {
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
}


/* -- [ Box Links ] -- */

article .box-links {
  background: #f7f7f7; 
  border: 1px solid #DFDFDF;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin: 12px 0;
  padding: 4px;
  width: 208px;
}

article .box-links a.btn {
  display: block;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  text-align: left;
  min-width: initial;
}

article .box-links a.btn:first-of-type { margin-bottom: 3px; }

.product-info-button,
.product-info-button:visited,
.box-links .btn, 
.box-links .btn:visited {
  background: #FEFEFE;
  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#FEFEFE',endColorstr='#D4D4D4',GradientType=0);
  background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,color-stop(0%,#FEFEFE),color-stop(100%,#D4D4D4));
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
     background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
       background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
  background-repeat: repeat-x;
  border: 1px solid #CCC;
  -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
     -moz-border-radius: 4px;
          border-radius: 4px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2),0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);
     -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2),0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);
          box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2),0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);
  color: #0071A2;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  height: 25px;
  line-height: 25px;
  padding: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.75);
  min-width: 208px;
  -webkit-transition: all .15s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: all .15s ease-in-out;
      -ms-transition: all .15s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: all .15s ease-in-out;
          transition: all .15s ease-in-out;
}

.product-info-button:hover,
.product-info-button:focus,
.box-links .btn:hover,
.box-links .btn:focus {
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: #E8E8E8;
  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#E8E8E8', endColorstr='#d4d4d4',GradientType=0 );
  background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,color-stop(0%,#FEFEFE),color-stop(100%,#D4D4D4));
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 50%);
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 50%);
     background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 50%);
      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 50%);
       background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 50%);
}

/* -- [ Request ] -- */

section.request { max-width: 550px; }

.request.closed ul { display: none; }

.request ul {
  font-size: 11px;
  margin-left: 30px; 
}

.request a.double-arrow {
  border: 1px solid #AF5700;
  border-width: 1px 0;
  display: block;
  font-weight: 700;
  height: 28px;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 10px 0;
}

.request.closed a.expand-icon span { background: url('http://www.cengage.com/images/plusSign.png') no-repeat center; }

.request a.expand-icon span {
  background: url('http://www.cengage.com/images/minusSign.png') no-repeat center;
  padding-right: 17px;
}

.request p { padding-left: 24px; }

/* -- --------------- -- */
/* -- [ ASIDE RIGHT ] -- */
/* -- --------------- -- */

/* -- Purchase Panel -- */

.purchasePanel {
  border: 1px solid #85C33D;
  line-height: 18px;
  margin: 0 0 20px 0 !important;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

.gale .purchasePanel,.thorndike .purchasePanel { 
  border: 1px solid #0071A2; 
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 10px;
}

.purchasePanel p { 
  line-height: 18px; 
  padding: 5px 0;
}

.purchasePanel hr {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
  margin: 0;
}

.purchasePanel a + ul {
  float: left;
  margin-top: 10px;
  width: 100%;
}

.purchasePanel ul { margin-top: 20px; }

.purchasePanel ul li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #CCC;
  line-height: 16px;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 5px;
} 

.purchasePanel .right {
  float: right;
  text-align: right;
}

.purchasePanel input[type='checkbox'] { 
  float: left;
  margin: 2px 5px 12px 0;
}

.purchasePanel ul li:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0px; }

.purchasePanel ul li:last-of-type { 
  border-bottom: 1px solid #CCC; 
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.purchasePanel small { display: block; }

.purchace-options .well { line-height: 20px; }

.purchace-options .btn { float: initial !important; }

.purchasePanel .button {
  background: #FEFEFE;
  background: url('http://www.cengage.com/images/headerFooter/btnBackgroundImage.jpg');
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #FEFEFE 0%, #D4D4D4 100%);
  background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#FEFEFE), color-stop(100%,#D4D4D4));
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
       background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
          background: linear-gradient(top, #FEFEFE 0%,#D4D4D4 100%);
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  -webkit-border-radius: 4px; 
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 #FFF;
  display: block;
  float: right;
    font-weight: 700;
    height: 28px;
    line-height: 26px; 
  min-width: 30%;
  padding: 0 20px;
  position: relative; 
  text-decoration: none;   
}

.purchasePanel .button:hover { 
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px #AAA; 
  text-decoration: none;
  -webkit-transition: all .14s linear;
     -moz-transition: all .14s linear;
      -ms-transition: all .14s linear;
       -o-transition: all .14s linear;
          transition: all .14s linear;
}
.purchasePanel .button:after {
  content: "\f101";
  font-size: 17px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
  -webkit-transition: all .14s linear;
     -moz-transition: all .14s linear;
      -ms-transition: all .14s linear;
       -o-transition: all .14s linear;
          transition: all .14s linear;
}

.purchasePanel .button:hover:after {
  margin-right: -2px;
  padding-left: 2px;
}

.rep-finder:after { 
  font-size: 17px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
}

/* -- GALE - Thorndike Purchase Panel -- */

.gale .purchasePanel,.thorndike .purchasePanel { 
  border: 1px solid #0071A2; 
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 10px;
}

/* -- K-12 Purchase Panel -- */

.purchasePanel.K-12 { 
  border: 1px solid #AF5700; 
  min-height: 255px;
}

.purchasePanel.K-12 a { text-decoration:underline; }

/* -- Professional Purchase Panel -- */

.purchasePanel.professional  { 
  border: 1px solid #AF5700; 
  min-height: 255px;
}

.purchasePanel.professional img { 
  display: block;
  margin: 0 auto; 
}

.purchasePanel.professional p {
  color: #AF5700;
  margin: 15px 0 10px 15px;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.purchasePanel.professional ul {   
  border-top: 1px solid #CCC;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #CCC;
  padding: 20px 0px 20px 35px;
  margin: 45px 0 20px 20px;
  width: 154px;
}

.purchasePanel.professional ul li {
  list-style-type:disc;
  border: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

/* ------------ Student Materials ------------ */

.student-materials.button {
  background: #98cb32;
  background: url('http://www.cengage.com/images/search/PB_images/cb_btnBg.jpg');
  background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#98CB32), color-stop(100%,#699C03));
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#98CB32 0%,#699C03 100%);
     background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#98CB32 0%,#699C03 100%);
      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#98CB32 0%,#699C03 100%);
       background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#98CB32 0%,#699C03 100%);
          background: linear-gradient(top,#98CB32 0%,#699C03 100%);
  border: 1px solid #699C03;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: #FFF;  
  display: block;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  height: 26px;
  line-height: 26px;
  text-indent: 15px;
  width: 100%;
}

.student-materials.button:hover {
  background: #8FBF2F;
  background: url('http://www.cengage.com/images/search/PB_images/cb_btnBg.jpg');
  background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#98CB32), color-stop(100%,#699C03));
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#8FBF2F 0%,#699C03 100%);
     background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#8FBF2F 0%,#699C03 100%);
      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#8FBF2F 0%,#699C03 100%);
       background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#8FBF2F 0%,#699C03 100%);
          background: linear-gradient(top,#8FBF2F 0%,#699C03 100%);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.student-materials.button:after { 
  content: "\f101";
  margin-left: 4px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
  text-indent: 0;
  -webkit-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
      -ms-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
          transition: .15s ease-in-out;
}

.student-materials.button:hover:after { padding-left: 2px }

/* -- ---------------------------- -- */
/* -- Product Info Panels All Size -- */
/* -- ---------------------------- -- */

#product-panels { 
  clear: both; 
  overflow: hidden;
}

.product-panel .double-arrow-right:after { 
  font-size: 18px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
}

.product-panel { 
  border-top: 1px solid #CCC;
  webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 5px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);
    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 5px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);
         box-shadow: inset 0 5px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);
  opacity: .999;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  padding: 25px 0 60px;
  position: relative;
}

.product-panel .content-wrapper { 
  padding: 0 6.75%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
}

.product-panel h1 { 
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  margin: -5px 0 16px 0;
}

.product-panel h2 { 
  font-size: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  margin-top: 16px;
}

.product-panel h3 { 
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 22px; 
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.product-panel p { 
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.product-panel p,
.product-panel li {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 22px;
}

.product-panel a { 
  line-height: 22px;
}

/* .product-panel a:hover { text-decoration: none; } */

.product-panel ul { margin-bottom: 10px; }

.product-panel ul.bullet-list { list-style: disc; }

.product-panel ul li {  }

/* -- [ Product Panel Classes ] -- */

.product-panel .isbn { 
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 18px;
  letter-spacing: 1;
  margin-top: 5px;
}

.product-panel p.price {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.product-panel blockquote {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.product-panel blockquote p { 
  margin-bottom: 0; 
}  

.product-panel blockquote cite { 
  line-height: 22px;
  margin-top: 14px; 
}

/* -- [ Scroll Down For more Content ] -- */

button#scroll-down { 
  background: transparent;
  bottom: 10px;
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  left: 50%;
  text-align: center;
  -webkit-transition: all .35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all .35s ease;
       -o-transition: all .35s ease;
          transition: all .35s ease;
  z-index: 9;
}

button#scroll-down:before {
  color: #5a5a55;
  content: "\f13A";
  font-size: 40px;
  opacity: .6;
  -webkit-transition: all .35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all .35s ease;
       -o-transition: all .35s ease;
          transition: all .35s ease;
}

button#scroll-down:hover { bottom: 0; }

button#scroll-down:hover:before { 
  opacity: 1;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) { 
  button#scroll-down { display: none !important; }
}

/* -- [ Scroll to Top Button ] 

button#scroll-to-top { 
  background: #e7e6e6;
  background: #007CB8;
  border-radius: 50%;
  bottom: 50px;
  color: transparent;
  display: none;
  height: 42px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: fixed;
  right: 50px;
  width: 42px;
  -webkit-transition: all .35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all .35s ease;
       -o-transition: all .35s ease;
          transition: all .35s ease;
  z-index: 9;
}

button#scroll-to-top:after { 
  color: #FFF;
  content: "\f077";
  font-size: 30px;
  position: absolute;
  left: 7px;
  top: 4px;
  text-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.01);
}

button#scroll-to-top:hover { 
  background-color: #dddcca;
    background: #0C5C92;
  bottom: 55px;
  color: transparent;
  margin-top: -5px;
}

button#scroll-to-top:hover:after {
  text-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
  -webkit-transition: all .35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all .35s ease;
       -o-transition: all .35s ease;
          transition: all .35s ease;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  button#scroll-to-top {
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
  }
  button#scroll-to-top:hover { 
    bottom: 25px;
  }
}
-- */

/* -- [ Scroll to Top Panels ] 

button#scroll-to-panels { 
  background: #e6e6e6;
  border-radius: 50%;
  bottom: 0;
  color: transparent;
  clear: both;
  display: block;
  height: 42px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  left: 50%;
  width: 42px;
  -webkit-transition: all 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: all 0.35s ease;
          transition: all 0.35s ease;
  z-index: 9;
}

button#scroll-to-panels:after { 
  color: #FFF;
  content: "\f078";
  font-size: 30px;
  position: absolute;
  left: 7px;
  bottom: 5px;
  text-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.01);
}

button#scroll-to-panels:hover { 
  background-color: #e0dccd;
  bottom: -5px;
}

button#scroll-to-panels:hover:after {
  text-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
  -webkit-transition: all 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: all 0.35s ease;
          transition: all 0.35s ease;
}
-- */

/* -- [ Scroll-This-Panel Scroll-Next-Panel ] 

@media (max-width: 770px) {
  button#scroll-this-panel,
  button#scroll-next-panel { display: none; }
 }

button#scroll-this-panel,
button#scroll-next-panel {
    color: transparent;
    background: transparent;
    height: 25px;
    line-height: 25px;
    left: 50%;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 10px;
    position: absolute;
    text-decoration: none;
  -webkit-transition: all 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: all 0.35s ease;
          transition: all 0.35s ease;
    width: 31px;
    z-index: 2;
}

button#scroll-this-panel:after,
button#scroll-next-panel:after { 
  content: "\f106";
  color: #e1e1e1;
  position:absolute;
  font-size: 48px;
  left:0;
  top:0;
  text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.01);
}

button#scroll-next-panel:after { content: "\f107"; }

button#scroll-this-panel { bottom: 0; }

button#scroll-next-panel { top: 0; }

button#scroll-this-panel:hover:after,
button#scroll-next-panel:hover:after { 
  color: #e0dccd;
  text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
}

button#scroll-this-panel:hover { bottom: 5px;}

button#scroll-next-panel:hover { top: 5px; }
-- */

/* -- SUB PANELS All Sizes -- */

.sub-panel {
  margin: 28px 0 73px;
  padding: 14px 0 0;
  position: relative;
}

.sub-panel:before {
  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff', endColorstr='#00ffffff',GradientType=1 ); /* IE6-9 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)),color-stop(74%,rgba(204,204,204,1)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,0)));
   background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
      background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)75%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* FF3.6+ */
       background:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* W3C */
       background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* IE10+ */
        background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
  content:"";
  height:1px;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.sub-panel:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; }

.sub-panel h1 { margin-top: 16px; }

hr.sub-panel-faded-divider,
hr.mini-faded-divider {
  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff', endColorstr='#00ffffff',GradientType=1 ); /* IE6-9 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)),color-stop(74%,rgba(204,204,204,1)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,0)));
   background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
      background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)75%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* FF3.6+ */
       background:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* W3C */
       background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* IE10+ */
        background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(204,204,204,1)25%,rgba(204,204,204,1)74%,rgba(255,255,255,0)100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
  border: 0;
  height: 1px;
  margin: 10px 0;
  width: 100%;
}

hr.mini-faded-divider { 
  margin: 20px 0;
  max-width: 488px;
}

/* -- ---------- -- */
/* -- [ PANELS ] -- */
/* -- ---------- -- */

/* -- [ Alternate Formats / Learning Resource Bundle ] -- */
#learning-resource-bundle .content-wrapper h2, 
#alternate-formats .content-wrapper h2 {
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  line-height: 22px;
}

/* -- [ Features Benefits ] -- */
#features-benefits ul.bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

/* -- [ Bundles ] -- */

#bundles ul.bundle-include {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

#bundles ul.bundle-include li {
  margin-left: 30px;
}

/* -- [ Show More... ] -- */

.content-wrapper[data-readmore] {
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  -webkit-transition: all .3s ease;
     -moz-transition: all .3s ease;
       -o-transition: all .3s ease;
          transition: all .3s ease;
}

.content-wrapper[data-readmore]:before {
  content: "";
  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff', endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=0 );
  background: -webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(70%,rgba(255,255,255,1)));
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(255,255,255,1)90%);
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(255,255,255,1)90%);
     background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(255,255,255,1)90%);
      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(255,255,255,1)90%);
       background: -o-linear-gradient(top,rgba(255,255,255,0)0%,rgba(255,255,255,1)90%);
  bottom: 0;
  height: 43px;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}

.content-wrapper[data-readmore].show-less:before  { 
  height: 1px; 
  -webkit-transition: all .3s ease;
     -moz-transition: all .3s ease;
       -o-transition: all .3s ease;
          transition: all .3s ease;
}

.content-wrapper[data-readmore] :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

button[data-readmore-toggle] {
  background: transparent;
  color: #0071A2;
  padding: 0;
  margin-left: 6.75%;
}

@media (max-width: 770px) { button[data-readmore-toggle] { margin-left: 0; } }

/* -- [ Online Product Overviews ] -- */

#online-product-overviews li.product {
  display: block;
  margin: 30px 0 40px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

#online-product-overviews .product a.column-one { float: left; }

#online-product-overviews  .product a.column-one img {
  border: 1px solid #CCC;
  display: block;
  max-width: 150px;
  -webkit-transition: all 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: all 0.35s ease;
          transition: all 0.35s ease;
}

#online-product-overviews .product a.column-one:hover img { border: 1px solid #0071A2; }

#online-product-overviews .product .information { margin-left: 170px; }

#online-product-overviews .product a h2 {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 22px;
  margin: 0 0 5px;
}

#online-product-overviews .product a.product-info-button { margin: 0 16px 10px 0; }

#online-product-overviews .product a.learn-more {
  font-weight: 600;
  display: inline-block;
}

#online-product-overviews .product a.learn-more:after { 
  font-size: 17px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
  content: "\f101";
  margin-left: 2px;
  -webkit-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
      -ms-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
          transition: .15s ease-in-out;
}

#online-product-overviews .product a.learn-more:hover:after { margin-left: 4px; }

#online-product-overviews a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } 

@media (max-width: 480px) { 

  #online-product-overviews .product .information { margin: 0 }

  #online-product-overviews .product a.column-one { float: none; }

  #online-product-overviews .product a.column-one img { margin: 0 auto 15px; }

}

/* -- [ Related Products ] -- */

#related-products div.product {
  display: block;
  margin: 30px 0 40px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

#related-products .product a.column-one { float: left; }

#related-products .product a.column-one img {
  border: 1px solid #CCC;
  display: block;
  max-width: 150px;
  -webkit-transition: all 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: all 0.35s ease;
          transition: all 0.35s ease;
}

#related-products .product a.column-one:hover img { border: 1px solid #0071A2; }

#related-products .product .information { margin-left: 170px; }

#related-products .product a h2 {
  color: #333;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 22px;
  line-height: 1;
  margin: 0 0 5px;
}

#related-products .product a:hover h2 {
  color: #0071A2;
  -webkit-transition: all 0.35s ease;
     -moz-transition: all 0.35s ease;
       -o-transition: all 0.35s ease;
          transition: all 0.35s ease;
}

#related-products .product .information .product-page-links {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.product-page-links a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } 

@media (max-width: 480px) { 

  #related-products .product .information { margin: 0 }

  #related-products .product a.column-one { float: none; }

  #related-products .product a.column-one img { margin: 0 auto 15px; }

}

/* -- [ Record Scroll Banner ] -- */

.record-scroll-banner { }

.record-scroll-banner a.item { 
  display: block;
  min-width: 210px;
  margin: 0 20px 10px;
}

.record-scroll-banner img {
  display: block;
  margin: 0 auto 10px;
  max-height: 150px;
  outline: 1px solid #CCC;
  outline-offset: -1px;
}

.record-scroll-banner img.program { 
  margin-left: 38px;  
  width: 134px;
}

.record-scroll-banner h2 {
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.record-scroll-banner .mycarousel { margin-top: 28px; }

.owl-wrapper {
  -webkit-transition: .8s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: .8s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: .8s ease-in-out;
          transition: .8s ease-in-out;
}

.record-scroll-banner button { 
  background: 50% 45% no-repeat;
  background-image: url("//www.cengage.com/images/dotcom/carousel-arrow-left.png");
  color: transparent;
  height: 100%;
  left: -23px;
  opacity: 0.7;
  filter: alpha(opacity=70);
  padding: 0;
  position: absolute;
  text-decoration: none;
  top: 0;
  -webkit-transition: 0.2s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: 0.2s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: 0.2s ease-in-out;
          transition: 0.2s ease-in-out;
  width: 23px;
}

.record-scroll-banner button.next { 
  background-image: url("//www.cengage.com/images/dotcom/carousel-arrow-right.png");
  left: auto;
  right: -23px;
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .record-scroll-banner button.prev { left: -10px; }
  .record-scroll-banner button.next { right: -10px; }

}

.record-scroll-banner:hover button {
  opacity: 0.8;
  filter: alpha(opacity=80);
}

.record-scroll-banner:hover button:hover, 
.record-scroll-banner:hover button:focus {
  opacity: 1.0;
  filter: alpha(opacity=100);
  text-decoration: none;
}

@-moz-document url-prefix() { 
 .record-scroll-banner li button {
  line-height: 17px;
 }
}

/*-- [ RECORD RIGHT STUFF ] -- */

#ads {
  margin: 0 -3%;
  text-align: center;
}

#ads > div,
#ads > section { 
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 3% 20px;
  vertical-align: top;
}

/*--  [ Single Image ] --*/

.single-image { display: inline-block; }

/* -- [Rotating Image] -- */

.rotating-image { display: inline-block; }

.rotating-image .item { height: auto; }

.rotating-image .carousel-inner > .item {
  display: none;
  position: relative;
  -webkit-transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
     -moz-transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
       -o-transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
          transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
}

.rotating-image .carousel-inner > .active { display: block; }

/*--  [ Digital Solutions ] --*/

#digital-solutions .sub-panel:first-of-type { 
  background: none;
  margin-top: 16px;
  padding-top: 10px;
}

#digital-solutions .sub-panel { 
  margin: 28px 0 30px;
  padding-top: 30px;
}

#digital-solutions .digital-content { margin-left: 254px; }

#digital-solutions .digital-content h1 { margin-bottom: 10px; }

#digital-solutions .digital-content h3 { margin-top: 10px; }

#digital-solutions .digital-content p { margin-bottom: 10px; }

#digital-solutions .aplia .digital-content ul.bullet-list { 
  margin-top: -10px;
  margin-left: 10px; 
}

#digital-solutions img {
  float: left;
  max-width: 254px;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  
  #digital-solutions img { 
    float: none;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }
  
  #digital-solutions .digital-content { margin: 0; }
}

/*--  [ Gale Summary ] --*/

#summary ul.bullet-list { margin-left: 40px; }

#summary .carousel .item p { text-align: left; }

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  #summary ul.bullet-list { margin-left: 0; }
}

/* -- [ Carousel ] -- */
.carousel {
  line-height: 1;
  margin: 20px 0;
  overflow-x: hidden; 
  position: relative;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
}

.carousel-inner {   
  background-color:#FFF;  
  height: 100%;
  line-height: 1;
  margin: 0 auto;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;

}

.carousel-inner > .item {
  display: none;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
  -webkit-transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
     -moz-transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
       -o-transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
          transition: .8s ease-in-out left;
}

.carousel-inner > .active,
.carousel-inner > .next,
.carousel-inner > .prev { display: block; }

.carousel-inner > .active { left: 0; }

.carousel-inner > .next,
.carousel-inner > .prev {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.carousel-inner > .next { left: 100%; }

.carousel-inner > .prev { left: -100%; }

.carousel-inner > .next.left, .carousel-inner > .prev.right { left: 0; }

.carousel-inner > .active.left { left: -100%; }

.carousel-inner > .active.right { left: 100%; }

.carousel .container_carousel {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 975px;
}

.carousel .item, 
.carousel .item.active {
  background: no-repeat center top;
  height: 100%;
}

.carousel .item img { max-width: 100%; }

.carousel-control {
  background: #CCC;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: transparent;
  height: 42px;
  left: 5px;
  position: absolute;
  text-decoration: none;
  top: 50%;
  -webkit-transition: 0.35s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: 0.35s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: 0.35s ease-in-out;
          transition: 0.35s ease-in-out;
  width: 42px;
}

.carousel-control.right { 
  left: inherit;
  right: 5px;
}

.carousel-control:after {
  color: #FFF;
  content: "\f053";
  font-size: 30px;
  height: 42px;
  line-height: 42px;
  position: absolute;
  left: 24%;
  top: 2px;
  text-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.01);
}

.carousel-control.right:after { 
  content: "\f054"; 
  left: 29%;
}

.carousel-control:hover { 
  background-color: #BBB;
}

.carousel-control.left:hover { margin-left: -5px; }
.carousel-control.right:hover { margin-right: -5px; }

.carousel:hover .carousel-control { }

.carousel:hover .carousel-control:hover, 
.carousel:hover .carousel-control:focus { }

/* -- [ About - Overview ] -- */

#overview h1 {
  color: #AF5700;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#overview h2 {
  font-size: 14px;
  margin: 0 0 28px;
}

/* -- [ About - Additional Product Links ] -- */

ul.additional-product-links li a:after { 
  font-size: 17px;
  vertical-align: -1px;
  content: "\f101";
  margin-left: 2px;
  -webkit-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
     -moz-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
      -ms-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
       -o-transition: .15s ease-in-out;
          transition: .15s ease-in-out;
}

ul.additional-product-links li a:hover:after { margin-left: 4px; }

/* -- [ Detailed Overview ] -- */

#detailed-overview p { margin-bottom: 8px; }

#detailed-overview ul.bullet-list { margin-left: 40px; }

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  #detailed-overview ul.bullet-list { margin-left: 0; }
}

/* -- [ curriculum-alignment ] -- */ 

#curriculum-alignment ul { margin-left: 40px; }

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  #curriculum-alignment ul { margin-left: 0; }
}

/* -- [ Marketing Materials ] -- */

#marketing-materials h3 {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 10px 0 0 0;
}

/* -- ------------------------------ -- */
/* -- Product Info Panels 768 & Down -- */
/* -- ------------------------------ -- */

@media (max-width: 768px) { 
  .product-panel .content-wrapper { padding: 0; }
}

/* -- ------------------------------ -- */
/* -- Product Info Panels 480px & Down -- */
/* -- ------------------------------ -- */

@media (max-width: 480px) { 
  .product-panel .content-wrapper {  }
}